abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine electromyographic changes of the agonist and antagonist muscles during fatigue. Nine healthy, untrained subjects exerted a maximum voluntary heel lifting contraction with their dominant limb. The EMG activity over the soleus and the tibialis anterior muscles was recorded during...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Patikas D,Michailidis C,Bassa H,Kotzamanidis C,Tokmakidis S,Alexiou S,Koceja DM

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:500 and 69 male former elite athletes and 319 male controls completed a health questionnaire in 1985 and in 1995. Register data on the subjects were also collected. Subjects were aged 65 years or less and had no history of hypertension in 1985, and they had been healthy at the age of 20 years. The athletes were groupe...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Hernelahti M,Kujala UM,Kaprio J,Sarna S

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to assess the intensity and energy cost of dance simulation in relation to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations on the quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness, and to assess its safety. Forty subjects (21 males an...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Tan B,Aziz AR,Chua K,Teh KC

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated whether 4 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 or 1000 mg of Vitamin C and 500 or 1000 IU of Vitamin E could modify biochemical and ultrastructural indices of muscle damage following a 21 km run. Fifteen experienced male distance runners were divided into two groups (vitamin or placebo) and ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Dawson B,Henry GJ,Goodman C,Gillam I,Beilby JR,Ching S,Fabian V,Dasig D,Morling P,Kakulus BA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of carbohydrate (1 l/h of a 6 % carbohydrate beverage), gender, and age on salivary IgA (sIgA) changes and incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was studied in 98 runners following two competitive marathon races. The pattern of change in sIgA concentration differed significantly between c...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Nieman DC,Henson DA,Fagoaga OR,Utter AC,Vinci DM,Davis JM,Nehlsen-Cannarella SL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The circulation of blood during upright exercise involves a two-pump system, a central cardiac pump and a peripheral pump responsible for systemic venous return. Axiomatically, the function of the two pumps must be equal, and certain evidence suggests that the peripheral pump may "drive" the circulation during exercis...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Rowland TW

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that lactate concentrations may provide a guide to an optimal training intensity. However, lactate concentrations established during incremental exercise in the laboratory are not always indicative of what is occurring during constant-load exercise at the same intensity. Ideally, lactate concentr...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Bishop D

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bike shock absorption systems reduce the energy variation induced by terrain irregularities, leading to a greater comfort. However, they may also induce an increase in energy expenditure for the rider. More specifically, cross-country racers claim that rear shock absorption systems generate significant energy loss. Th...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Nielens H,Lejeune TM

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary intake, plasma lipids, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels, anthropometric measurements and anaerobic performance were studied in eleven judo athletes during a period of weight maintenance (T1) and after a 7d food restriction (T2). Dietary data were collected using a 7-day diet record. Nutrient analysis indi...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Filaire E,Maso F,Degoutte F,Jouanel P,Lac G

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been shown that bouts of high-intensity exercise may reduce subcutaneous adipose tissue more than low-intensity exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine if a discontinuous training protocol is more successful in reducing adipose tissue than a continuous endurance training protocol. Fourteen untrain...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Mäder U,Roth P,Furrer R,Brêchet JP,Boutellier U

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine long term changes in shoulder and elbow joints of former elite javelin throwers. Twenty-one elite javelin throwers were examined at an average of 19 years after the end of their high performance phase. Mean age at examination was 50 years. Functional assessment of both shoulders ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Schmitt H,Hansmann HJ,Brocai DR,Loew M

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Total body water (TBW) and water turnover rates (WTR) of six competitive male cyclists (CG) and six age-matched sedentary men (SG) were determined using deuterium oxide dilution and elimination. During the 7 day study, individuals in the CG cycled daily outside on average 50 (range 12-146) km at an average speed of 29...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Leiper JB,Pitsiladis Y,Maughan RJ

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to examine some motor performance aspects of the unloaded lower extremity after Achilles tendon rupture repair. The measured motor performance aspects were simple reaction time, choice reaction time, speed of movement, foot tapping speed, and coordination. METHODS:Ninety patien...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Kauranen KJ,Leppilahti JI

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurement of skeletal muscle strength gains increasing importance as outcome parameter in patients with chronic heart failure. This study aimed at establishing short-term reliability of isokinetic strength measurements of knee extensor and flexor muscles in 38 patients with chronic heart failure. Strength tests were...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Quittan M,Wiesinger GF,Crevenna R,Nuhr MJ,Sochor A,Pacher R,Fialka-Moser V

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the validity of the CSA activity monitor for assessment of the total amount of physical activity in adolescent athletes. Activity data were compared to data on daily energy expenditure and its derivatives measured by the doubly labeled water method. Seven athletes (speed skaters) with a mean ag...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Ekelund U,Yngve A,Sjöström M,Westerterp K

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertension is not uncommon in childhood and adolescence; vascular and renal causes predominate. Non-pharmacologic therapy, including exercise, may lower blood pressure (BP). There are several articles relating to the use of exercise as a therapy for high BP. Most of these show a beneficial effect. The "dose" of exer...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Alpert BS

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the time course and magnitude of learning effects associated with repeated maximum cycling power tests and to determine if cycle-trained men exhibit different learning effects than active men who are not cycle-trained. Cycle-trained (N = 13) and active men (N = 35) pe...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Martin JC,Diedrich D,Coyle EF

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a 4-week electromyostimulation training program on the strength of the knee extensors and the vertical jump performance of 10 basketball players. Electromyostimulation sessions were carried out 3 times weekly; each session consisted of 48 contractions. Testing ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Maffiuletti NA,Cometti G,Amiridis IG,Martin A,Pousson M,Chatard JC

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the effects of a training taper on muscle damage indices and performance. Two matched groups of seven male runners each performed two self paced half-marathons on a motorised treadmill. After the first half-marathon one group maintained their normal weekly training volume, while the taper group...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Child RB,Wilkinson DM,Fallowfield JL

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In international cycling and cross-country skiing competitions, blood tests are used to unmask the performance enhancing misuse of erythropoietin. Haematocrit (cycling) and haemoglobin (cross-country skiing) limits have been set by international sporting federations (haematocrit 50%, haemoglobin 18.5 g/dl). ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Schumacher YO,Grathwohl D,Barturen JM,Wollenweber M,Heinrich L,Schmid A,Huber G,Keul J

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural immunity, including that of the natural killer (NK) cells, is strongly influenced by physical exercise, but the physiological significance of the reported changes in NK cells after exercise training is as yet unclear. The exercise effect is likely mediated by interactions between the central nervous and endocr...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Jonsdottir IH

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examines the effects of a 7 weeks sub-maximal training period of electrostimulation on the maximal isometric, concentric, eccentric voluntary torque and muscle contractile properties of the elbow flexor muscles of nine subjects. The daily program consisted of five series of six 6-s isometric actions (60 to ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Colson S,Martin A,Van Hoecke J

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objectives of this study were to 1) continuously assess oxygen uptake during and after difficult sport rock climbing and 2) to evaluate the effects of active versus passive recovery on post-climbing blood lactate and hand grip strength. Fifteen expert rock climbers attempted to climb (i.e., red point lead) a 20 m ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Watts PB,Daggett M,Gallagher P,Wilkins B

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the hypothesis that more severe damage, caused by controlled lengthening (L) contractions, results in greater myofiber hypertrophy compared to increase in fiber size followed shortening (S) contractions, tibialis anterior muscles of anesthesized male Wistar rats were subjected to 240 either L or S contraction...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Komulainen J,Kalliokoski R,Koskinen SO,Drost MR,Kuipers H,Hesselink MK

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study analyzes stroke phases and arm and leg coordination during front crawl swimming as a function of swim velocity and performance level. Forty-three swimmers constituted three groups based on performance level. All swam at three different swim velocities, corresponding to the paces appropriate for the 800 m, 1...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Chollet D,Chalies S,Chatard JC

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Forty-six male wheelchair basketball players performed a set of field tests to evaluate aerobic capacity (25 m shuttle run), anaerobic capacity (30s sprint), and six specific wheelchair basketball skills. Overall test-retest reliability (n = 20) ranged from r = 0.65 to r = 0.97. To study the validity (criterion relate...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Vanlandewijck YC,Daly DJ,Theisen DM

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptin, the product of the ob-gene, is specifically released by adipocytes. In addition to its metabolic function it seems to affect the feedback-mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis. We studied 13 female juvenile elite gymnasts with anorexia athletica (AA) and 9 female patients with anorexia nervosa ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Matejek N,Weimann E,Witzel C,Mölenkamp G,Schwidergall S,Böhles H

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little information exists about the efficacy of various brace designs to restrict inversion during lateral movements. The purpose of the study was to determine whether semi-rigid stirrup (AirCast Sport Stirrup), semi-rigid modified stirrup (Malleoloc), or a soft, sleeve design (Swede-O) brace varied in their abilities...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Simpson KJ,Cravens S,Higbie E,Theodorou C,DelRey P

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skeletal muscle, as a producer of glutamine, is important for lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Exercise-induced muscle damage could burden the immune system by concurrently eliciting a local inflammatory response and decreasing glutamine availability. The aim of this study was to determine whether blood leukocy...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Miles MP,Naukam RJ,Hackney AC,Clarkson PM

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present study was to compare the physiological responses when the crank rate was chosen spontaneously (Ts) or set at +/- 10% (T-10%, T+10%) of the freely chosen rate, during two upper body exercises: i) a sub-maximal test (T(SUB)) in which intensities ranged from 50 to 80% (118.4 +/- 10.2 to 189.5 +/- 1...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Marais G,Weissland T,Robin H,Vanvelcenaher JM,Lavoie JM,Pelayo P

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical exercise activates blood coagulation and enhances fibrinolytic activity. To investigate whether these activations of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis are balanced post-exercise and during the period of recovery, 11 moderately active young men were examined immediately after a standardised cycle ergometer te...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Lin X,El-Sayed MS,Waterhouse J,Reilly T

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signs of overuse after intense muscular exertion are well described in adults, while little research has been conducted in children. The aim of the study was to investigate some indirect markers of muscle damage in 13 years old boys following two different protocols of one-leg stepping exercise to exhaustion. This ste...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Duarte JA,Magalhães JF,Monteiro L,Almeida-Dias A,Soares JM,Appell HJ

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perceived exertion has been investigated during incremental exercise to exhaustion with athletes, according to the 6-20 scale proposed by Borg (RPE, 1970) and a new scale based on the estimation of exhaustion time (t(lim)) (Estimated Time Limit or ETL, from 1 to 20; ETL= 21 - 2 n, with n = log2t(lim)). ETL increased l...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Garcin M,Vandewalle H,Monod H

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the influence of 6% carbohydrate ingestion on hormonal and lymphocyte proliferative responses (5 total samples over 9 hours) to 2.5 h of high-intensity running by 30 experienced marathon runners. The T-cell response differed between groups, with the plac...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Henson DA,Nieman DC,Parker JC,Rainwater MK,Butterworth DE,Warren BJ,Utter A,Davis JM,Fagoaga OR,Nehlsen-Cannarella SL

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The electromyographic (EMG) activity of seven muscles of the trunk and lower extremity in five male masters level ski racers during a slalom turn in both alpine skiing and in-line skating was recorded using a telemetry system. Measurements were made on separate testing days using slopes commonly used in each activity ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Zeglinksi CM,Swanson SC,Self BP,Greenwald RM

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48, > 200 g) were progressively treadmill trained over 5 wk where they were running 60 min/d, 5 d/wk. One-half of the group consumed a high-fat diet (HF, 78.7% of energy), while one-half consumed a high-carbohydrate diet (HC, 68.7% of energy). On the day of the experiment, 6 rats per diet...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Nakamura M,Brown J,Miller WC

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Training effects on peak oxygen consumption (VO2), specific to the mode of movement, are well-known in exercise training of young, healthy adults. However, these specific training effects were never studied in patients with coronary artery disease, but may be important in the evaluation of training effects of cardiac ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Nieuwland W,Berkhuysen MA,Landsman ML,Lie KI,Rispens P

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because metabolic heat production is proportional to the amount of work performed, the differences in core body temperature (Tcore) of humans exercising at similar absolute exercise intensities are due to differences in their efficiency of heat dissipation. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the effects of trai...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Armstrong LE,Maresh CM

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) administration on energy metabolism during exercise. Specifically, the contribution of anaerobic (glycogen) metabolism during exercise was evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an experimental [rHuE...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Lavoie C,Diguet A,Milot M,Gareau R

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are ethical objections to inducing cumulative muscle damage and associated decrements of performance deliberately in a healthy athlete. Available data on acute and chronic over-exertion thus include the changes of immune response observed following a single bout of exhausting exercise, sequential observations ma...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Shephard RJ,Shek PN

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00